Ah, forgot to add this bit. Good on you Wikipedia!
The English word amber derives from the Arabic anbar, via Medieval Latin ambar and Old French ambre.
Amber is discussed by Theophrastus, possibly the first historical mention of the material, in the 4th century BC. The Greek name for amber was ἤλεκτρον (elektron), "formed by the sun", and it was connected to the sun god (Helios), one of whose titles was Elector or the Awakener. According to the myth, when Helios' son Phaëton was killed, his mourning sisters became poplars, and their tears became the origin of elektron, amber.
Another early reference to Amber was Pytheas (330 BC) whose work "On the Ocean" is lost, but was referenced by Pliny. According to The Natural History" by Pliny the Elder:
While amber is not actually named, it is called the concreti maris purgamentum, "the leavings of the frozen sea" after the spring melt. Diodorus uses ēlektron,
the Greek word for amber, the object that gave its name to electricity
through its ability to acquire a charge. Pliny is presenting an archaic
view, as in his time amber was a precious stone brought from the Baltic
at great expense, but the Germans, he says, use it for firewood,
according to Pytheas.
Heating amber will soften it and eventually it will burn, which is why in some Germanic languages the word for amber is a literal translation of burn-stone. Heated above 200 °C, amber suffers decomposition,
yielding an "oil of amber", and leaving a black residue which is known
as "amber colophony", or "amber pitch"; when dissolved in oil of turpentine or in linseed oil this forms "amber varnish" or "amber lac".
Amber from the Baltic Sea has been extensively traded along the Amber Road since antiquity; and in the mainland, from where amber was traded 2000 years ago, the natives called it glaes (referring to its see-through quality similar to glass).
In ancient times, well-established trade routes for amber originated
from the Baltic countries (where amber was plentiful along the coast)
that went to virtually every corner of Europe. Early in the nineteenth
century, the first reports of amber from North America came from
discoveries in New Jersey along Crosswicks Creek near Trenton, at
Camden, and near Woodbury.
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